Plants have been the source of medicines for thousands of years, species of the genus Piper are among the important medicinal plants used in various systems of medicine.The Piper longum fruit, used in traditional remedies as well as in the Ayurvedic system of medicine against many disorders. Though there are various indications for its use, controlled trials are needed to determine its real efficacy. The phytochemicals isolated from various parts of piper longum are piperine, piperlongumine, sylvatin, sesamin ,diaeudesmin piperlonguminine, pipermonaline and piperundecalidine. Piper longum is most commonly used to treat chronic bronchitis, asthma, Aromatic, stimulant, carminative, good for constipation, for gonorrhea, paralysis of the tongue, advised in diarrhea, cholera, chronic malaria and viral hepatitis, respiratory infections, stomachache, bronchitis, diseases of the spleen, cough, tumors, and asthma. The up-to-date information on the phytochemistry of Piper longum fruit and its clinical applications have been complied in this review article.
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